Motivation And The Ideal Marriage - 982 Words

Motivation and Behavior Motivation is the drive or incentive which pushes or pulls behaviors in a specific scenario or situation. The incentive or drive may be initiated through internal or external influences. An individual may react to a physiological or psychological need. An over whelming hunger may push one to seek a meal whereas the need for companionship pushes one to seek others company. An emotional intelligence is imperative in learning to navigate through life and cement relationships. Emotions can influence motivation to marry, make life decision or to help someone who may be hurt. Intellect is often derived not only from academic perspective but from an ability or interest in understanding emotions of one another. Feelings of belonging and acceptance can push one to seek friendship, romance and lifelong companionship. Love and the ideal marriage can be a motivator for a young lady or young man to make herself more attractive to the opposite sex. The emotional, psychological need for love and acceptance may push someone to behave in a manner in which is sincere or kind displaying actions that are acceptable by others in society. Negative emotions or feelings can elicit bad behaviors. An unhealthy marriage or relationship can push someone to behave in a hostile and angry manner. A person may have high sense of self-worth and possess a high emotional intelligence. Outside influences such as a controlling spouse or can create doubt and interfere with what may beShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of The House807 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluences that I believe initiated these changes fall into three themes: 1. The marriage relationship and outside paid work, 2. Education and its impact on femininity, and 3. Technology and its impact on domesticity. The three themes address issues that women navigated as society changed as their roles in the home and outside of the home changed. I will briefly address each theme and then delve into the relationship between marriage and work outside of the home. The three themes transverse the politicalRead MoreThe Family Is The Backbone Of Society And Government852 Words   |  4 Pagesbureaucratic control, we can correct all that is wrong with humanity.† (pg. 105). Marriage out of wedlock is a problem. It is important that a child has a two parent family. This does not mean that we will shun those that do not meet this criterion. It means that we need to guide our youth in the right direction. The government needs strong, intact families in order to succeed. Liberals tend to downplay the importance of this ideal family, but at the same time they are â€Å"justifying expanding government inRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesSame-sex marriage (â€Å"SSM†) is known as the wedding between two people of a similar sex in another social phenomenon, prompting another sort of family formation. In current circumstances, SSM did not exist until the 21st century, when an expanding number of nations started allowi ng homosexuals to marry lawfully. SSM is producing a mix of delight, debate, and restriction in numerous countries around the globe, mainly in the U.S. In reality, the official acknowledgment of same-sex marriage has developedRead MoreSuccessful Marriages Essay example1090 Words   |  5 Pagescoexist for a marriage to be successful: â€Å"durability, approximation of ideals, fulfillment of needs, and satisfaction† (p. 174). First, durability in and of itself is not indicative of a successful marriage because many couples remain in unhappy relationships for a number of reasons. Instead, durability needs to include stability and quality. Second, approximation of ideals represents the extent to which the relationship fulfills ideals and exceptions. Of primary concern is that such ideals are individuallyRead MoreImpact Of Cosmetic Surgery On Society And Daily Lives1453 Words   |  6 Pagescountry, respectively, with the most cosmetic procedures (ISAPS, 2012). This essay will analyse and explain the reason behind this increasing trend through looking at the role that motivation, culture and reference groups play in different demographics in terms of pursuing cosmetic surgery. According to Solomon, Motivation refers to the processes that lead to people behave as they do (2011, p.154), which triggers their mind and drives them to satisfy this specific need. These processes can be distinguishedRead MoreHope-Focused Marriage Counseling1337 Words   |  6 PagesHope-Focused Marriage Counseling In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Pre-Marital Counseling (PACO 610) February 18, 2010 Summary Worthington has an approach that is dependent largely on the empathizing of the counselor rather than the willingness of the involved (xiii). The essentials of this approach are the couples’ willingness to be expressive in their affection only while continually being reserved in reactions to provocations. Apparently, there is a chemicalRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1060 Words   |  5 Pagesthe element of feminism abundant in the story, the author manages to carve a powerful narrative, with equally powerful symbolism, revolving around the societal oppression faced by women through marriage, relevant for the current generation too. The surrounding is a powerful imagery for the feminist ideals of the story, especially in the first half. The protagonist, upon hearing the news of her husband’s death, succumbs to the arm of her sister to cry, but quickly walks away to her room after thatRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love and respect. This can be seenRead MorePuce Fairy Book Analysis730 Words   |  3 PagesA Feminist Analysis of Puce Fairy Book Children often learn about their society’s ideals of love and relationships from fairy tales. Told from a female perspective, the poem Puce Fairy Book by Alice Major challenges and disproves the unfeasible and degrading expectations that women are held to, specifically by men in relationships. The motivation of the speaker, addressing a male counterpart, is to say that she does not care for other’s opinions of her faults and does not desire such unacceptingRead MoreThe American Revolution Of The United States1721 Words   |  7 PagesSince the birth of the United States, there have been ideals at the core of the nation encouraging it to keep progressing. Infact, these ideals where the motivation for the colonies to become independent from Britain. Before the American Revolution, England had total control over the colonies. This allowed the king of England at this time, King George III, to take advantage of the colonies. The king imposed unfair laws onto the colonies su ch as the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts and the Intolerable

The Buffalo Soldier And The Philippine American War Essay

The â€Å"Buffalo Soldier† and the Philippine-American War The purpose of this paper is to educate the readers on the extraordinary acts of courage of Corporal David Fagen, a â€Å"Buffalo Soldier† who was deployed in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War. Corporal Fagen defected from the United States Army and joined the Philippine Revolutionary Army to defend the rights of the oppressed Filipinos during the American regime in the Philippines. The history of the Philippine-American war is considered to be understudied as some of the key events were not written or publicized. United States military historians rarely mentioned on Corporal Fagen who stood for what is right and fought against his Army to gain independence for a foreign nation. In the current world, he exemplifies the characteristics that the United States was built on, that of seeking for independence, liberty and freedom. On the other hand, Filipino historians also failed to raise the heroism of Corporal Fagen in the international community because of fea r that it might offend the Americans who helped liberate the Philippines from the Japanese occupation. Nevertheless, Corporal David Fagen, should be remembered as a Soldier who made a stand against U. S. Army’s imperialism in the Philippines during World War I because he believed that it was the right thing to do, therefore, he should be part of the American military history. The Philippine-American War (1899-1902) The Philippine-American war startedShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The American Buffalo Soldiers1811 Words   |  8 PagesBuffalo Soldiers â€Å"And when he gets to heaven, To St. Peter he will tell, Another soldier reporting sir, I ve served my time in Hell.† - Unknown No other quote can quite describe the Buffalo Soldiers more . The story of the American Buffalo Soldiers is one of patriotism, honor, and the fight against racism. The first official all Black regiment in the US army was the 1st Rhode Island Regiment and was established in July 1778. However, African Americans had been fighting for America since before itsRead MoreA Positive Impact On The United States991 Words   |  4 Pagesequality throughout the 1900’s. Different cultures may have spoken different languages, practiced different belief systems, and lived on different lands. One thing that they all had in common was the introduction to segregation which led to violence and war. Several foreign policies were introduced throughout this era to meet the needs of oligarchies. The final quarter of the 19th century to westward expansion has left both a positive and negative impact on the United States economy. A positive impactRead MoreA Short Biography of William McKinley1046 Wo rds   |  5 Pagesinformation B. Anecdote C. Map Early Life/Student A. Serious Student B. Allegheny College i. Illness caused dropout C. Worked full-time ii. Worked as clerk Military Career A. Enlisted after war started B. Went up rankings quickly i. Went up for courage C. Fought in savage battles ii. Battle of Antietam Creek Lawyer Career A. Entered Albany Law School B. Opened Law Office i. Partner Judge GeorgeRead MoreBattle Analysis of San Juan Hill Essay2008 Words   |  9 PagesBattle analysis of San Juan Hill Introduction Throughout American history, a number of battles come to hold iconic positions in the shaping of this great nation: Lexington and Concord, the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Alamo, Gettysburg, Belleau Wood, Pearl Harbor, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima and the Battle of the Bulge, just to name a few. When the Spanish-American War of is thought of, the Battle of San Juan Hill undoubtedly comes to mind. Americans think of the great sacrifices throughout the fight. TheyRead MoreA Literary Criticism of the Novel the Firewalkers by Erwin E. Castillo4251 Words   |  18 Pagesexploration period, where United States had just achieved their independence from the British monarchy and began their own conquest around the globe. The Americans are the second, yet the most celebrated colonizer of the Philippines. Until today, the Filipino-American bond is evident, from the highlighted date of July 4 as the Filipino-American friendship day, through Filipinos being the most excellent speaker and teacher of th e English language in Asia, to the full coverage of the inauguration ofRead MoreApush Notes: Conquering a Continent 1861-1877 Essay2517 Words   |  11 Pagesafter the Civil War? Section 1: The Republican Vision: * Integrating the National Economy: * Reshaping the former Confederacy after the Civil War supplemented a Republican drive to strengthen the national economy to overcome limitations of market variations that took place under previous Democratic commands. * Failure to fund internal improvements left different regions of the country disconnected, producing the Civil War, Republicans argued. * During the Civil War and after, theRead MoreAnti War and Pro War Movements of the 20th Century3507 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Pro-war and Anti-war movements for the 20th century There have been movements that support or oppose war throughout all of history. The 20th century saw this movement coalesce into a much larger and more diverse series of society changing events. Spanish-American war, World War I, World War II, the Cold War, Korea, Vietnam and Desert Storm were all wars that helped American society evolve into what it is today. For each of the conflicts, there were opposing points of view as to the amountRead More GERONIMO Essay3222 Words   |  13 Pagesto the 4th because it was headquartered at Fort Huachuca, the base of operations for the campaign. The Army had permission to go to Mexico in pursuit. Captain Henry Lawton, commanding officer of quot;Bquot; Troop, 4th Cavalry, was an experienced soldier who knew the ways of the Apaches. His tactics were to wear them down by constant pursuit. Stationed at the fort at that time were many men who would later become well known in the Army: Colonel W. B. Royall, commanding officer of the fort and theRead MorePresidential Outlines Ap Us History4197 Words   |  17 PagesWilliam McKinley I. William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. He died on September 14, 1901 in Buffalo New York. McKinley was the third president to be assassinated. II. McKinley ran for the Presidency from Ohio. III. McKinley had a relatively easy and normal childhood. He was the seventh child of eight. His parents were loving people who instilled in McKinley the importance of hard-work, religion, and education. McKinley worked very hard in school as a youth and then attendedRead MoreMuseums Essays10752 Words   |  44 Pagescollection of British art from 1500 to the present. The Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City houses one of the world’s finest collections of 20th-century American art. Some museums are devoted to a single artist, allowing visitors to follow changes in an artist’s style throughout his or her career. Examples include the Georgia O’Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, which houses the world’s largest collection of works by American painter Georgia O’Keeffe, and the Musà ©e National Picasso in Paris

Department of Social Services Free Essays

The national organization of caring for the values mostly given attention by the society today through voluntary services is that of the Department of Social Services. Likely, their existence in the society makes it easier for the entire human society within the communities that they serve to be able to garner the most basic commodities that they need for life. These commodities involve food and shelter as well as medication. We will write a custom essay sample on Department of Social Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having them operate within the current tumultuous situations in the society makes the earth a more livable place. It is through this particular organization that the needs of people are given fine attention by the government. The Objectives of the Organization As a major organization that handles the needs of the society, the American Department of Social Services sees to it that the major issues about human needs in the society is well attended to. The said needs are divided into several points of concentration that involves the different divisions of people needing support in the society. The divisions are as follows: †¢ Child Foster Care Services †¢ Child Abuse and Neglect Services †¢ Family Support Services †¢ Elderly Assistance Services †¢ Health Care Services With these objectives in mind, the administration of the organization actually intends to make it certain that each division of the population in the society receives the attention that they need to be able to exist in the communities that they are living in. it is also the aim of this particular organization to handle the needs of immigrants transferring to the country who are usually in need of assistance with regards community familiarity as well as with their basic needs. The Mission As noted earlier, the Department of Social Service particularly wants to extend help to special groups of people in the population of a certain society that they are involved in. With this mission in front of them, the organization constantly makes it certain that everything they have outlined to perform for their stakeholders, mainly the community, are seriously attended to at the appointed time as they themselves have scheduled. To attend to the needs of the target audience in the society is the main idea of the establishment of the said organization. Being funded by the government and assisted by commercial organizations, the organization’s mission of providing the society with the finest service that they deserve is not that hard to complete. The Issues Living in such a tumultuous society, finding somebody to ease the stresses and the pains brought about by the world indeed helps so much especially when it comes to facing the challenges of life. This is the reason why the existence of social workers and Non-government Organizations aiming to help the whole human population to cope up with life is an important factor considered whenever voluntary work is being discussed. With regards to social work, as the name of the job suggests itself, the main focus of NGO’s involved in social work is the social issues that are found in the human community. Because of this, they have continuously tried in alleviating the human systems of living through their assistance in the issues and problems that are mostly considered as the main reasons of stress and depression in the community. With issues on psychosocial difficulties emerging in the entire4 human community, the social workers have an important role when it comes to supporting the said people caught up in those situations hard to deal with as mentioned above. It is more often than not that the nature of social worker’s job is closely related to mediating between agencies and the clients needing their services and yet does not have any means or power to do so. According to the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) and the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), the main definition and role of social work in the society are as follows: â€Å"The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human Relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well- being. Utilizing theories of human behavior and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work. † (The American Psychological Association) But although this is true of the main goals of social work, thee are still some certain important issues needed to be addressed within the systems of organization making up and bonding social workers together. One of the said issues is the existence f racial discrimination. This issue actually affects the social work systems both in and out of the organizations of social workers. Internally, this is naturally because of the fact that social workers are usually made up of people from different countries, cultures and races. In this way, some conflicts are present because of the fact that each individual joining the social works are widely diverse and have different views on several points of concern within the social work. Externally, this issue is usually developed when social workers tend to chose the people they opt to help. With regards to this issue, several social workers as well as society experts have conducted studies and tried to solve the problems brought about by the issue within the systems of the organization in the social working tasks. The following paragraphs shall introduce the vital informations collected by the researchers regarding the said issue. Racial Discrimination and Its Effects to the Society Megacities are plagued by even more serious problems. Besides insufficient housing, overcrowded schools, and understaffed hospitals, psychological aspects are also involved. Dr. Paul Leyhausen, a leading German ethologist, claims that â€Å"a great number of neuroses and social maladjustments are, partially or totally, directly or indirectly, caused by overcrowding. † (1999, 12). Megacities rob their citizens of a sense of community, turning the city into a faceless mass of numbers. In the midst of hundreds of neighbors, a city dweller can be lonely, yearning for friends and companions he can find nowhere. The sense of alienation created by this situation becomes dangerous when it causes multinational populations to break up into racial or ethnic groups. Economic inequalities or acts of discrimination—real or imagined—can lead to disaster, as Los Angeles learned in 1992 when outbreaks of racial violence resulted in more than 50 deaths and 2,000 injuries (Leyhausen, 1999, 13). Indeed, racial discrimination is already considered as a social plague, affecting the whole world. And Along with this, the fact that the whole society of man is naturally diverse, even people who aims to help the society with their problems regarding the issues of social diversity also face the same challenge of staying united amidst the changes they have against each other. Cities especially encounter the grave effects of the issues behind racial discrimination and according to the American Psychological Association, these dilemmas bring so much depression and stress to the population comprising the cities’ territories. This is also the main reason why behind the wonderful goals of social workers around the globe, issues such as racial discrimination brings them so much hindrance in getting their goals done for the society. As mentioned earlier, several researchers already worked on this topic and thus got considerably fine results regarding their studies. Through the use of surveys and interviews, a lot of the results of the studies were taken into conclusion. The following paragraphs shall discuss several ways in which racial discrimination has been proven as a part of the regular social work and yet had been continuously used by many social workers as an opportunity to bond together better than to simply get along with the flow of dispute brought about by the issue. In the Journal of Women and Social Work in an article entitled â€Å"What racial discrimination does to the social work society†, it has been mentioned that racial discrimination is indeed considered an organizational sickness especially when it comes to working ethics (Dinerman, 2005, 11). Usually, this issue of diversity causes a lot of problems within the system of assistance that social workers give to their fellowmen. It has been mentioned too that racial discrimination also sets the workers apart and drives them to choose who among the needy people should they help basing upon the cultural or racial qualification of the person to be helped. On the other hand, the British Association of Social Workers say otherwise, to them â€Å"racial discrimination is an opportunity opened to the social workers in showing their unity and bond beyond the cultural differences they have from each other (1999, 14). True, if the issue is carefully dealt with, racial discrimination could bring different people joined by an organization in a stronger bond. It may be considered an irony by many. However, because of the fact that the right ways of facing the dilemma had brought many social organizations more bonded together than separated by differences, it is really not impossible to make the issue of racial discrimination â€Å"a bridge to better opportunities of bonding with people from other cultures. Seeing differences as a positive factor in the society which sets the uniqueness of each individual in the entire human community† (British Association of Social Work, 1999, 12) is indeed a key factor in making racial diversity a successful aspect of the social organizations. The Role of Social Work in Discrimination Issues Through the use of adequate studies done by social work experts as discussed in this paper, racial discrimination is referred both as an asset and weakness of a social organization designed to help the people in the communities. It is more often than not though that the lack of effective ways in facing the challenges of racial discrimination to an organization, many social groups fail in controlling the dilemma of the issue. As Anne Rosegrant Alvarez mentioned in her Article â€Å"A look at cultural diversity† that proper handling of disputes regarding racial discrimination within social organizations bring considerably fine results for both the association and the individual performance of each member towards the fulfillment of their goals as a group (2006, 13). The following are the six ways in which social workers are able to control if not completely eliminate the dreadful effects of racial discrimination to organizations aiming to serve the community. As these six practices are implied within the rules and regulations of the organization in dealing within the organization and with the people in the community, the goals of the organization is observed to have easier ways in achieving their goals as a group. These practices are as follows: †¢ Having oriented as social equalizers, the social workers become more capable of handling disputes and controlling both their fellow social workers and themselves in dealing with social discrimination. †¢ Seeing everyone as a part of an important purpose in the society helps every social worker to work well with their colleagues as well as serve all people of all races amidst all the differences they have against others. †¢ Having the aim to give pure and undoubted service to everyone also allows the social worker to serve the people with purpose, disregarding the accent or the color of the skin of any person they ought to serve in the community. †¢ Being considerate with what the person needs and not where the person cam from is also an important factor to be considered by the social workers. As repeatedly mentioned, the main focus of social groups is to be of service to others, and failing to do such an aim is a betrayal to the profession. †¢ Having fair views of everyone may not be that easy, especially if the person has significant cultural background that has a negative impact on the other. However, if both parties would be able to consider the fact that social work is bounded by love for one’s fellowmen, the hatred brought about by discrimination could as well be covered by concern for others welfare. †¢ Making the best out of one’s time and neglecting unnecessary details about senseless things could as well help a social worker see the importance of doing â€Å"first things first. These means that prioritizing social service above all could drown the ideas of racial discrimination completely. (Source: Gutierez, 2006, Pp 4, 5). Indeed, considering the six major practices of ethical social service given by an excellent social worker to his or her fellow workers and to the people, gives a promising successful result of hard work for a certain social group. As clearly seen, the researches have been able to put concrete and relevant details down into writing for the benefit of the social workers in enhancing their servicing skills. These informations were taken into consideration since they are all sourced out from people who have actually put the principles of social work into practice in their own experiences of rendering services to other people. Having been able to see the importance of proper handling of racial disputes and racial discrimination in both internal and external setting of the relationship of the social workers to the community, it is also important to know how effective the practices mentioned above are when it comes to actual practice of social service operations. How the Implementation of Rightful Practices on Racial Discrimination Affects Social Work As mentioned earlier, the six practices which are designed to at least control racial discrimination within and outside the social groups, have been already applied by many social workers and were proven effective as they have observed the effects of the practices both on them, their organization and the community. In the book â€Å"International Perspectives on Social Work in Health Care: Past, Present and Future†, Auslander mentioned that: â€Å"the social practices around the world have been exceptionally developing during the past few years. The fact that many social workers are already able to successfully work within a highly culturally diverse group, the level of excellence of social services provided internationally are known to have been developing as well† (1997, 16). Yes, because of the fact that many social workers already recognize the importance of racial equality in aiming for the best results of social services, the relationship between the community and the Non Government Organizations have been strongly enhanced during the past years. In this regard, it is simply rightful to say that as researchers of social work and racial discrimination have concluded, â€Å"the right handling of disputes give best results† (Feit, 2002, 3). Aside from this, it could also be said that in many cases, self-control and self-discipline helps a lot in the implication of equality within the activities of social work. The ability of a certain social crew to divert his thoughts of racial discrimination to a healthy thought of cultural respect of diversity naturally helps that worker to become fairer when it comes to his treatment towards his colleagues and the people of whom he serves. As obviously seen, the studies performed by the researchers and social work experts helps us understand the deeper issues which social workers have to face in their profession. It has been clearly shown though their works that racial discrimination is an expected source of dispute between colleagues in the social work systems. However, although this is the case, many social organizations still manage to deal with the problem and thus get considerably fine results for their hard work. It could also be added that in many ways, turning dispute into becoming a bridge towards a closer bond between the differences and uniqueness each person possesses compared to others helps a lot in making a peaceful and more concerned society to exist. (Hoefer, 2006, 18) Surely, the consequences of having been able to meet and survive the challenges of combating racial differences has a very great effect on how social groups deal with their communities. This is the reason why it is most advised by the researchers that further studies on the matter should be generated in an aim of further increasing the capability and the credibility of social groups in providing social help. Conclusion and Recommendations Although a lot of studies regarding the matter of social work and racial discrimination have already been commenced and finished, it would still be helpful to continuously search for possible ways in which social groups could combat the negative effects of racial discrimination to the goals of the organizations. In this way, it would also be advisable to look deeper on the reason why racial discrimination is present in the society. In this way, the roots of the issue could be traced and solved at the same time, making it possible for social workers to do their duties to the community without being hindered by discriminating ideas and cultural differences. True, as great as social work is when it comes to serving the community, so are the issues that are arising within the groups or organizations of such kind. Yes, issues on racial discrimination could be considered as a hindrance to the social worker’s fulfillment of their goals. Yet, an effective and strategic way of facing the challenges placed by the dilemma could help in even developing the servicing skills of the social workers further as they are forced to discipline their thoughts as well as their acts when it comes to facing the issue of struggling through with social differences. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: Ruth Crocker. (1992). Social Work and Social Order: The Settlement Movement in Two ndustrial Cities, 1889-1930. University of Illinois Press. Lena Robinson. (1995). Psychology for Social Workers. Routledge; 1 edition. Anna Metteri. (2005). Social Work Visions From Around The Globe: Citizens, Methods, And Approaches (The Social Work in Health Care Series). Haworth Social Work. James G. Daley. (2006). Advances in Social Work: Special Issue on The Futures of Social Work. Trafford Publishing. Nancy Elizabeth Sullivan. (2002). Social Work With Groups: Social Justice Through Personal, Community, and Societal Change. Haworth Press. Richard Hugman. (1995). Ethical Issues in Social Work (Professional Ethics). Routledge; 1 edition. John S. Wodarski. (1996). Cultural Diversity and Social Work Practice. C. C. Thomas; 2nd edition. Journal Articles: Miriam Dinerman. (2005). â€Å"What racial discrimination does to the social work society†. Journal of Women and Social Work. Yeshiva University. British Association of Social Workers. (September 1999). â€Å"Working beyond racial diversity†. British Journal of Social Work. Anne Rosegrant Alvarez. (Volume 14 Number 1 spring 2006). â€Å"A look at cultural diversity†. Journal of Community Practice. Lorraine Gutierez. (Volume 14 Number 2 spring 2006). â€Å"Making things work†. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity. University of Texas Arlington. Marvin D. Feit. (Volume 15 Number 3 August 2002). â€Å"How the society behaves†. Journal of Human Behavior and Social Environment. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Richard Hoefer. (Volume 5 Number 1 Spring 2006) â€Å"Effective Despite Differences† . Social Policy Journal. University of Texas, Arlington. Paul Leyhausen. (1999). â€Å"The big cities, the big differences†. Journal on Ethnology. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. American Psychological Association. (1990). â€Å"The cost of social work†. Psychology Journal. American Psychological Association. How to cite Department of Social Services, Papers

Cricisms of Cultural Capital

Question: Discuss about theCricisms of Cultural Capital. Answer: Introduction The current events are put forward into the future events by Bourdieu. It is systematically incorrect because the future is unknown and it is uncertain thus relying on education as an asset in the future can be detrimental. Low class pupils are not into certain options reason being that they are for higher class individuals as in the current times. The current affairs are incorporated into the education curriculum which is not always right because the affairs will not repeat themselves in the near future. The concepts that are used are not well defined and hence there is no justification because examples of the concepts such as positivity in life are not well developed. Science and language are the concepts that are not well defined in the context; instead he argues for these concepts and brings in positivity which does not exist in any way. Education capital is a vehicle of social reproduction because it increases knowledge among individuals in a society and also to harness developm ent in areas such as cultural awareness. Critics on the Bourdieu Article Regarding Cultural Capital" The concept of habitus is in theory form incoherent in that Bourdieu is not precise enough about the conversion of natural resources. The education certificates and the respective credentials which currently exist in the education system of the 21st century are not described properly. It is informal and uses informal techniques in generalizing facts which in real sense is not applicable onto the academic qualifications. Kelly said these arguments are considered as mere scientific theories which have no proved into the reality of the life (Samson, 2005, p. 190). The resources are converted in a formal way and thus making them to be utilized in the education system. Cultural capital favors only the rich student who has managed to attain a higher level in the education hierarchy. It discriminates against the less abled individuals who do not have the resources to put into the education and thus invest. The low class students are known to stay away from specific options in the curriculum of education which are set aside from the majority poor students. They are set aside for some few individuals who are presumed to belong to a certain class. The society creates an assumption that some people are more important than others whereas this is not the case because all human beings are equal irrespective of the position held in the society. The educational credentials may not be so important to be able to secure certain privileges in the community as the cultural capital suggests. The qualifications of education are a weak form of currency and do not remain relevant in all fields. Some people do not recognize that particular type of education or the units that are undertaken in university level or college. It have been justified that wealth is transmitted through the means of the same disregarded education. Cultural arbitrary is not well defined in the cultural capital perspective and the hard work is perceived as not being natural by Bourdieu. The low students work with no pay, the achievements are too much worked for by the students hence they are not natural as they may be compared to others who make it without much struggle. As opposed to what he states that that low class pupils will not follow the demands imposed by the examiners. The pupils in this category have the fear of being disqualified from any paper because they have worked extra hard to let it go just like that by a mere irregularity. They follow rules and all the exam demands as compared to the low high class pupils. High class pupils have got an attitude of not caring and they carry this attitude with them into the exam room and end up not attaining the prescribed demands of the examiner. The concept concentrated on pupils from the university level as analysis of their behavior which is far much different from the low class pupils. The primary and secondary schools are exempted in undertaking the research with regards to compliance with examination rules. The primary schools follow the steps as required by the bodies examining them in the nation that they are being conducted. Truth is not justified by a single discipline as the capital structure depicts because some subjects such as art and craft do not aim at truth but seems to have entertaining nature. Arbitrariness remains a point of conflict in that Bourdieu fails to provide a clear meaning of the world arbitrary in his context, However the cultures tend to differ and the use of a common feature is not applicable as it have been undertaken in the content. Habitus means the attitude that are inherent in education where individuals are known to have positive attitude towards education while others have a negative attitude which makes the difference with a bigger margin. A sophisticated grasp of language is disadvantageous and does not benefit the pupils in any way because it tends to mislead them, the exams are written with the same language which is not standard. Lower class pupils do not have the cultural resources enough to enlighten them on the education and to be utilized in activities that will be of great help to them. The concept of Habitus is not operationalized as the writer suggests. There exists a conflict between conflict and structure and by trying to solve and eliminate the issue that is in sociology. Habitus is brought about as a concept to cure the problematic issue in relation to the sociology. Individualism is found in the researchers work that has been cited by the owner of the content capital structure. He makes an attempt to harmonize factors that are not similar or related in any way to make them one. The researchers are out of the blues and they do not make use of the social mobility. Bourdieu fails to mention the researcher because he knows what he is trying to justify is not correct and ignores the concept of structuralism. A credible mobility researcher cannot fail to mention the reference of the researchers as the writer does. This is done intentionally to cover up an assumption in an attempt to protect him thus this brings messiness in the work. Jake argues that working class students drop out of their studies as compared to the lower pupils (Robert, 1999, p. 178). High class pupils are focused however this is not true because these students who are working especially from the university level have got seriousness that education deserves and they are always focused because they are aware of what they want to achieve. The pupils who are working get finances from their employees and sponsorships to cater for the expenses of their education. Success is personal thing and it cannot be shared among all the pupils in class thus if person succeeds it does not mean that all of them are going to make it in that particular subject. Habitus is generated by conscious individuals who are aware of the motive behind their actions and works towards achievement of their success. Mallow said that the current events are put forward into the future events by Bourdieu (George, 2001, p.123). It is systematically incorrect because the future is unknown and it is uncertain thus relying on education as an asset in the future can be detrimental. Low class pupils are not into certain options reason being that they are for higher class individuals as in the current times. The current affairs are incorporated into the education curriculum which is not always right because the affairs will not repeat themselves in the near future. The concepts that are used are not well defined and hence there is no justification because examples of the concepts such as positivity in life are not well developed. Science and language are the concepts that are not well defined in the context; instead he argues for these concepts and brings in positivity which does not exist in any way. Education capital is a vehicle of social reproduction because it increases knowledge among individuals in a society and also to harness development in areas such as cultural awareness. Conclusion Education credentials are not always mechanisms of social reproduction due to ignorance among people and despise. The university students have a high level of ignorance that even the lecturers have not been addressing themselves hence the issue is overlooked. Martha said occupational advantage is associated with education credentials as it is not in line with the theories that are discussed in the chapter (Fellix 2007, p. 99). Inherited property and other advantages such as occupational puts individuals a mile ahead than others despite that the learning process is used as a measure of how rich a person is in the world. References George, T. E., Hildah, A. S. (2001). Journal of current events put forward into the future events by Bourdieu 24, 234-356. Robert, Z. R. (1999). Working class students drop out of their studies as compared to the lower pupils. Wales, Austria press. Fellix, M. G., Charles, O. B. (2007). Occupational advantage is associated with education credentials as it is not in line with the theories that are discussed in the chapter. Sydney Hungarian press. Samson, P. J. (2005). Arguments are considered as mere scientific theories which have no proved into the reality of the life New York, American press.

The Definitions of Insomnia

How long should an average person sleep? This question is yet to have a definite response because everyone gives a different answer. However, most scientists settle on 8 hours as the average hours of sleep required by an adult. However, this figure still depends on age, sex, and health condition of a person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Definitions of Insomnia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to this ambiguity, many people suffer from lack of sleep or do not get enough sleep knowingly or unknowingly, resulting into insomnia. Insomnia is a sleep disorder that has always been defined by everyone as having sleeping difficulties. One will always toss and turn in bed the whole night only to wake up sleepy and this results into exhaustion and fatigue the following day. It affects people’s moods and ability to function the whole day and makes one feel very weak and lazy. The dictionary definition of th e word insomnia is the inability to sleep or stay asleep for an adequate length of time, another version of this definition is the inability to have the standard amount of sleep. I define insomnia as a condition in which one finds it difficult to fall asleep, maintain sleep, has a disturbed sleep characterized by frequent wakeups with difficulty going back to sleep or waking up earlier than usual. In simple words, insomnia occurs when a person is not able to sleep or has problems when it comes to sleeping. However, there is no universal definition of the word and as Wylie writes, â€Å"definitions of insomnia are loose to the point of inanity† (Wylie, 213). The word originated from a Latin word insomnis which is made up of two words: â€Å"in†, meaning not, and â€Å"somnus†, meaning sleep. Difficulty in falling asleep occurs when one is unable to sleep at the beginning of the night and stay awake until late. For instance, a student taking exams will spend the w hole night thinking about the tests out of anxiety thus does not have any sleep, or a person may spend half of the night on the internet or watching a favorite television show. Insomnia may also be caused by stress, sickness, acute feelings of depression, medication and so on. The inability to maintain sleep occurs when one cannot remain asleep for the rest of the night and instead wakes up once or recurrently during the night causing fragmented sleep. In addition, the person has trouble going back to sleep and may fail to catch any sleep for the rest of the night.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This form of insomnia will affect the person’s daytime activities as they cannot concentrate or focus on a task, in acute cases, it may affect the immune system. Persons with this form of insomnia find it difficult to concentrate for long hours and frequently take short naps to compensate for the previous night’s lack of sleep. Difficulty remaining asleep can be caused by anxiety or by depression. Waking up at an unusually early or odd time of the day and difficulty in catching sleep thereafter is another form of insomnia. This form of insomnia often results into restlessness and a tired feeling during the day. Wylie (pp.216) writes that it can be as a result of stress or disruptions while one is asleep through either noise or switching on or off of lights. Ultimately, a person can have deep sleep that is uncontrollable during the day. Generally, insomnia can cause serious mental, emotional, and physical problems such as depression, heart diseases, painful and regular headache, and hallucination experiences. Besides, persons suffering from insomnia are likely to cause accidents, some of which might be dangerous. Consequently, it is very important for everyone to have adequate sleep. This can be undertaken by having a regular sleep schedule in an are a free of disturbance of interference. There are three different types of insomnia: transient insomnia which is the most common one and lasts for a few days. It is mainly caused by stress resulting from temporary situations and will only last as long as one is still stressed up. Second is situational insomnia that occurs when one has sleepless nights for a period ranging from 2-3 weeks resulting from current stress in the person’s life. The third type of insomnia is chronic insomnia which lasts for some time and should be treated medically by health professionals. It is caused by acute stress. According to Wylie (pp. 213), â€Å"chronic insomnia is linked to a number of physical and psychological ills: increased risk of cancer, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, infertility, miscarriage depression, anxiety, irritability, dementia, impaired cognitive and reasoning skills, lowered immune-system function, heightened awareness of pain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In order to over come insomnia, one has to check on his or her daily routine and adjust from behaviors that disrupt normal sleep. Excessive intake of coffee during the day is one of the habits that disrupt sleep and this has to be avoided. Some people take alcohol or use sleeping pills in order to sleep or rather to cure insomnia, such interventions may only worsen the problem.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Definitions of Insomnia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People suffering from insomnia should focus on changing habits that cause sleeplessness in order to overcome it. Such strategies include sticking to a regular sleep timetable and avoiding daytime naps. We must always strive to avoid insomnia or cure it in its early stages because as Wylie puts it, â€Å"sleep is as necessary to physical and mental health as air and water† (pp. 213). Works Cited Wylie, Mary Sykes. Sleepless in America: Making it Through the Night in a Wired World, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers Inc., 2008. Print. This essay on The Definitions of Insomnia was written and submitted by user Cody D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

20 Creative Study Methods to Beat the Studying Rut

20 Creative Study Methods to Beat the Studying Rut Sometimes you simply cant imagine studying another subject for another minute. Youve officially given up and refuse to care anymore. You have taken four final exams already and are looking down the barrel of the shotgun thats going to fire off three more finals any second. How do you progress when the thought of sitting down in front of a pile of books and notes makes you want to scream? How do you move beyond apathy to ensure you get the score you really want on that final or midterm exam? Heres how: you get creative. The following list includes 20 different creative study methods that are sure to help heal you of the study blahs. Read Your Chapter Aloud†¦ As a Shakespearean monologue. And if you really want to make it good, speak the Queens English. Everything sounds better in the Queens English. Try it: The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. Sounds better, right? Right.As if you were giving a presidential address. Be sure to have the unmistakable half-fist ready. And Im sure your professor would be happy to give you extra credit if you record this address and put it on YouTube. I am almost positive I heard her saying that yesterday.   In a New Jersey accent. Because, when youre here, youre family. Or else. Play a Game†¦ Like Jeopardy. Convince a really good friend or really interested parent to give you the answers to questions on your study guide. You must provide the questions. Ill take Potent Potables for six, Alex.Like Around the World. Remember that? In a small study group, one person faces off against another and moves around the group until someone beats him or her. Then, that new person moves around the group answering questions. The person who answers the most questions correctly gets a Starbucks gift card! Woo hoo! Draw†¦ Little pictures that represent key ideas in your content. Its easier to remember Maslows Hierarchy of Needs if you draw a banana and a glass of orange juice next to physiological instead of just trying to remember the word alone. Trust me on that one.The same symbols over and over. Circle the main idea in each section. Draw stars next to supporting details in each section. Underline vocabulary words in each section. Draw arrows from causes to effects in each section. Youre honing your reading skills while learning something new. Win-win.A storyboard about the chapter. Reading about the rise of FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)? Draw a storyboard that reflects his early political career, the months before his inauguration, and FDRs three-pronged strategy to get elected. Your brain will easily remember the sequence of events much better that way because generally, pictures are worth a thousand word​s. Create†¦ A short story placing yourself in the setting youre studying. Lets say youre learning about Elizabethan England. Or the Civil War. Drop yourself right into a scene and write from first person perspective what you see, hear, feel and want more than anything in the world. Just make sure to make it out alive.A poem related to your topic. Learning Trig? No sweat. The last I heard sin and cosine rhyme. Plus, not all poems have to rhyme. Go free verse on that math. See how many of those terms you can squeeze into some iambic pentameter.A short story following a person that youre learning about. Based on what youve learned about her, what does Mother Teresa do when she discovers a mystery in Kolkata? Incorporate everything youre learning about her into the story. Bonus points if you give the teacher your story for Christmas. Sing a Song†¦ To remember a list. Its truly one of the best ways to remember the Periodic Table of the Elements, although theres no solid reason you should know them cold. Unless, of course, youre a scientist. In which case, youll be getting a quiz later.To get through a particularly tough reading passage. If you sing the passage, it may bring up different phrasing that can help you understand words you may not be getting. Still dont get it? Try one of the summary methods below. Write a Summary†¦ Of the 10 key things you must absolutely remember from the passage on sticky notes. Write them in your own words because theres nothing as silly as remembering someone elses ideas when you have no idea what they mean. Summarize in a way you can understand! Then, put the sticky notes up all around your room or kitchen or bathroom. No one else living in your house will mind. I promise.   Of each paragraph in one sentence, starting at the beginning of the chapter. That little summary of the paragraph is probably the  main idea. Once you have all of the main ideas of the paragraphs, string them together into one little mini-essay. You will be floored how much more you remember of the chapter when you read this way.By turning the chapter headings into questions and then reworking the block of text beneath the chapter headings into answers. Again, use your own words when you write the summaries. Make Flashcards†¦ On apps like Chegg, Evernote or StudyBlue. Many of them will let you add pics and sound, too. Kewl.On 3X5 cards, like your grandmother used. That wasnt an insult. She actually used them. And Grandma knew what she was doing, for your information. By mixing up the kinesthetic action of writing with the visual on the card, your brain learns the info in two different ways. Boom! Teach Someone Else†¦ Like your mom. You know how shes always asking you what youre doing in school? Nows the chance to explain what youve learned in Molecular Biology. Teach her so she really gets it. If you cant explain it in a way she can understand, better hit the books again.Like the people in an imaginary audience. Pretend youre standing in front of a group of thousands who have all shown up (and paid top dollar, by the way) to hear you speak about Romeo and Juliet. Explain the details of this tragedy so anyone listening will understand that Benvolio was Romeos best friend for a reason. Be sure to include the Nurses role, too.

All Rise

All Rise Essay All RiseJudge Watson scanned his courtroom with an eagle-like glare.The room was packed, Watson could smell the eager reporters outside.Damore versus State of Alabama was the biggest case his Honor had heard in years, God he needed a drink.Judge Watson blinked a long, tired blink, and swallowed hard in a vain attempt to soothe his bone dry throat.The old man called out in a loud voice, prosecution!Billy Parker stood deliberately and strutted to his podium.The DA unbuttoned his two thousand dollar Armenagildo Zenga suit coat, and began.Let me share with you all the sad story of a sweet, defenseless woman named Porphyria.It was a rainy dark night, and Porphyria desperately ached to see her lover.She trekked through the woods, braving the pneumonic weather, to the small cottage owned by one, Mort Damore.Porphyria entered the cottage dripping wet.Carefully she tended to the fire, so her lover wouldnt catch cold.Porphyria laid by Mr. Damore, wanting so badly to act out her love for him.So ftly she whispered his name, but Mr. Damore was busy faking sleep, concealing his murderous plan for now. Sweet Porphyria uttered I love you quietly to her love.Mr. Damore listened to this praise for a short while, but quickly grew impatient-the beast yearned to kill.Mr. Damore debated on which weapon to use. The Colt .45 lay loaded under his bed, but guns are loud!and messy. 2Then Porphyrias creamy, innocent neck and long hair caught Mr. Damores attention. Yes!, he thought, strangulation is much more thrilling than pulling a little old trigger.Brutally Mr. Damore grabbed Porphyria and began to cut off her air supply.Porphyria gasped for air, but moments later the beautiful body was lifeless.However, the abuse did not end with Porphyrias death.Mr. Damore decided the fun had ended too quickly, and maliciously proceeded to sexually abuse the corpse. This, your Honor, is the exact description of the premeditated, heinous murder committed by the defendant, Mort Damore.Mr. Damore waited for his beautiful love to visit, then faked sleep to lure Porphyria into his murderous trap.When the opportunity arose, Mr. Damore strangled Porphyria to death. After the slaughter, there was no guilt or remorse from Damore.God no!In fact, Mr. Damore sexually abused Porphyria, then opened her eyes and laid by the victim throughout the night.This animal is not even fit for a jail cell.Your honor, there is no option but to sentence Mr. Damore to death by electrocution. Judge Watson nodded, and turned to Troy Broussard.Defense!Troy Broussard remained seated, leaned back in his chair, and propped his feet upon the desk. Well well, he said in a high pitched voice, I really must applaud Mr. Parker for his wonderful story. The only problem with it.., is that it is a fictions story.Here is the truth.On that rainy night, Porphyria fled from her husband to visit Mr. 3Damore.In fact, she was downright in a hurry to reach the cottage, she couldnt wait to commit adultery. Barging into Mr. Damores domicile, Porphyria wasted no time in going after what she wanted, purely physical sex.The harlot undressed and tried to wake Mr. Damore, who was frozen with guilt and uncertainty.My client had been trying to dissolve the relationship since he first learned of Porphyrias husband, but the slut would not leave him alone.Porphyria frequently popped into Mr. Damores life to use him, then run back home to her husband.Determined to end the sick relationship that rainy night, Mr. Damore faked sleep so Porphyria might leave.But no, the adulteress persisted.She whispered the usual lies, I will get a divorce, Mort, but now isnt the time.I love you, please trust me.Mr. Damore looked into Porphyrias truth telling eyes, and deceit stared back at him.Mr. Damore debated how to react.His heart raced, he felt cheap and used, he felt hat!e.In a rage Mr. Damore painlessly strangled Porphyria out of love.In a fit of psychotic distress, Mr. Damore kissed Porphyria, a sign of his forgiveness.Then, like a cat who has accidentally killed a playful mouse, Mr. Damore, in total bewilderment, tried to bring her back to life.He laid with her the entire night. READ: Organizational behavior EssayMort Damore did not premeditate the murder, it was completely accidental.Induced by the pain of being lied to, used, and cheated on, Mr. Damore slipped into a period of insanity.My clients actions do not warrant the death penalty.Although 4absolutely unjustifiable, Mr. Damores actions are at worst still understandable.I ask you to place yourself in Mr. Damores position, try to imagine the torture.These are the facts of the case, and if there is any justice in the world, Mort Damore will spend the rest of his life in rehabilitation.Thank you. Two hours and forty-three minutes later, the honorable Judge Watson limped out from his chambers and drooped into his massive, black leather chair.The attorneys and Mort quickly rose.Mr. Damore, you strike me as an overly emotional man, probably unstable.Your actions were wrong, you know this, we all know this.However, I sense sincere regret.I dont perceive you as an animal, but as a mentally sick man.You need help, Mr. Damore, not death.For the murder of Porphyria, you have been found guilty, and are sentenced to two life imprisonments to be carried out back to back, without bail. Mort Damore wore a melancholy amazed expression, but laughed to himself as he was cuffed and escorted out of the chaotic courtroom.He wondered to himself, What are the odds of beating the system twice?

The Corinthian Community and Paul Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Corinthian Community and Paul - Essay Example Let me now try explaining what the Apostle means by prophesies and prayer. The prophesying that is being referred to by the Apostle is the gift of reception and speaking direct revelation from the Lord Himself, particularly regarding future occurrences. Nevertheless, the Bible is not in support of the stance of those who assert that this word also means preaching. Of course, praying continues, however, I now have to ask what according to me, is a significant question: Why did the Apostle only name prophesying and praying, leaving things such as preaching, speaking in tongues, exhortation, speaking the directly revealed knowledge, and singing or even teaching? The meaning of all these things is just the same. This means that they are all of a way of speaking confidently; either giving or direct revelation, calling to action on the basis of revelation, proclamation of revelation, or even the explanation of revelation and its application, or worshiping via singing or praying. For sure, there can never be a reason as to why the Apostle chose prophesying and praying except for the fact that they are two cases in point from the list. Similarly, it is true that the Apostle would come to an agreement that it is not just as right for a man to teach or preach with a cover on his head as it is for him to prophesize and pray with his head under cover. The Apostle simply used the two Christian assembly’s activities to signify all. In most cases, people like to cite First Chronicles 25:1-3 and First Samuel 10:5 as confirming that singing and prophesying is the same thing, but this is not stated anywhere in the respective verses. The most common comprehension of that what is stated by these verses as regards connection between prophesying and singing is that a prophesy may be sung by a prophet. However, not all singing, even that in the saint’s gathering is regarded as prophesying. For the women, prophesies and prayer refers to their position in the gathering, w hich is done in privacy. The context of First Corinthians is the Christian gathering, and not some kind of prophesying or praying beyond this. In the First Corinthians 11, the Apostle is not talking about the matter of women speaking. In addition, it is not what he is thinking; he has the gathering’s activities in mind or consideration, but does not tackle the question of the speaking of women in First Corinthians, Chapter 11. Their silence, in this chapter is implicit. But in some other places, the Apostle directly asserts that women are supposed to maintain silence in the gatherings. In the text, Paul also talks about the Christian gatherings, and he teaches the men about prophesying and speaking in tongues and says the women should remain silent. In the book of First Timothy 2, the Apostle again teaches about good behavior in the gathering and instructs the men how they are supposed to pray in public and asserts that women should take part by being silent and dressing in a n appropriate manner. Going back to the First Corinthians 11, we find that the Apostle is not trying to refer to prophesies and prayer in a restricted and strict sense, but to represent some other things, like teaching and preaching, and also not to merely be speaking, but the silent taking part also. In the gatherings, it

MSc in Construction Law and Dispute Resolution Essay

MSc in Construction Law and Dispute Resolution - Essay Example Recent years have registered a growing trend of alternative dispute-resolution methods, for instance, mediation, adjudication, conciliation, and various other hybrid arrangements1. This can be attributed to the drawbacks associated with arbitration and litigation, namely, the upsurge in costs, deferrals and hostile relationships between parties. Unfortunately, during the last decade superfluous and increasingly complicated stipulations were incorporated in construction contracts. In general, this involved the addition of numerous alternative dispute resolution methodologies and arbitration divided into redundant tiers2. These apparently more economic and swift alternative dispute resolution techniques only rendered the process more ineffective instead of the other way round. Mediation plays an integral role in determining the conditions of contracts. The exercise of Alternative Dispute Resolution has gained widespread prominence for working out differences in every sphere of life. Du ring recent years legal systems have increasingly adopted restorative justice practices3, this implies that Alternative dispute resolution is even employed for dealing with criminal cases. ... 2. Dispute Resolution Methods Dispute resolution method potentially ensues in the following three outcomes, namely, an agreement (negotiation), compromise (conciliation) or judgment (court or arbitration rulings). The mediation outcome falls under the agreement and cannot legally bind parties to abide by the mediation outcome unlike arbitration or court proceedings5. But to be an ideal solution, the agreement should meet the interests of all participant parties. 3. Categorization Of Mediation Outcome Arbitration comprises a ruling given by a neutral, mutually nominated arbitrator. However, mediation outcome can be classified as a contract6. By taking into account elements that validate a contract, we can notice that in a mediation outcome, the opposing parties exchange informed offers and acceptances in order to determine an outcome. Moreover, consideration and intention to enter into a legal relationship exists so it can be concluded that it is simply not a concurrence of offers and acceptances. Therefore, the mediation outcome meets the criteria of a contract and should not be confused for a judgment which is a legal determination imposed on parties regardless of their consent. 4. Discharging Mediation Outcome The creditor should normally expect a voluntary settlement as regards to the obligation as is the case in normal contracts. However, in the case where the debtor continues to defer the obligation, the outcome will vary according to the commencement of the mediation process. Normally, two hypothetical circumstances exist: 4.1 Parties choose Mediation over Litigation As mentioned before, a mediation outcome is simply a contract; hence, the creditor can utilize the same remedies as are available to a contractor.  

Instructural planning and design Essay Example for Free

Instructural planning and design Essay It is highly recognized by people that strong educational background and good educational status juxtaposed with a strong conviction to reach a goal could alleviate a person’s status in life. I believe that teachers share the burden of the parents for encouraging children to learn. It is highly regarded that teachers are the next person who has the power to sway children to a path towards the future. It is natural then that selecting programs and lessons for the students are vital in honing the abilities of the children and to help them learn more. Apt learning tools then are essentially the number one concern of the teachers. If teachers have the power to influence children then it would be necessary that they take the load seriously. A failure on the part of the teacher might become a loss for the child’s chances in the near future. Teachers in this case then would have to create plans that could holistically hone the capabilities and abilities of the children as well as encouraging them towards the path of a future determined to attain better education. The best way to do this then is that the teacher should be able to create plans that are recreational in nature as well as informative. I believe that the best way for creating this atmosphere is for teachers to be able to share the enthusiasm that he/she may have for the particular subject that he/she is teaching. Over enthusiasm might be too much optimism but enough impression could leave a definite mark on the children. I find it helpful to create an atmosphere that knowledge could give us the power. Along with this ambiance are the suitable programs and lessons that would be discussed in class. The first thing to consider then is the instructional levels. This level is where a teacher would gauge his/her lessons to a right medium of instruction that he/she would adopt. Dealing with pre-school students would require patience and a level of instruction fit for the students. Take for example in teaching children to read. It should be noted by the teacher that the best way to do this is for him/her to be able to recognize the reading capabilities of each and every student that he/she is handling. The first thing to notice here then is to see if whether or not the capacities of the students are somewhat in tuned with each other. It seems that there would be instances where reading lessons would elicit different responses form the students. The most important thing that the teacher should be able to grasp here is that in the formative years of the children, there could be instances that learning disabilities might occur. Necessarily, the teacher should be able to identify these problems so that he/she could be able to address these problems. A good start would be for the teachers to encourage children to read aloud in the classroom and establish ways that could gain the participation of the children. There would be instances that a child might be reluctant to read in front of the class since he/she would fear to commit mistakes. That is why encouragement is a best solution. The development levels of each if these students may vary then. The background of the students would have to be taken into consideration. There are natural instances that a student may develop faster than others. So in this case the teacher should be able to devise a plan that would encourage the fast learners without disregarding those who are slow to catch up. It is appropriate this way since this would not promote discrimination. Discrimination might only lead to a child to be discouraged about his/her skills. Aside from the proper instructional level, the teacher should be able to grasp the development levels of each student that she has. A best way to do this is through the non verbal communication between you and the students. A simple frown might be seen in different ways but inside a classroom it could be seen as not being able to understand what was said. As what was implied above, it would then be healthy for teachers to be able to adjust along the way for the benefit of the entirety of the class (Siobhan Leahy, 2005). A good example to address developmental level is for the teacher to realize which level he/she is teaching. A math subject during the formative years would be essential for the secondary level of the students. It would then be advisable that the teacher focus on creating an atmosphere where children would not have to resort memorization but also have the full understanding of what they are memorizing. The next thing to be considered is the learning disabilities of the students. Younger children could have the ability to learn to hide these disabilities that is why teachers are suggested to have constant vigilance. It is not an easy task to know which student have learning disabilities and people could not automatically tell (Learning Disabilities, 2007). An example for this instance is a student who is dyslexic. Having a hard time to decipher words and letters is problem for the students and teachers as well since this could hinder the progress that is needed for the student. What the teacher could do if he/she would encounter this problem is to approach the student in a way that would not embarrass him/her. After such deed would be done, the best way for children to catch up with this disability is for the teacher to suggest tutors for the child. This tutor may be the teacher or a special teacher or the parents of the child who has full knowledge in addressing this problem. Alerting the parents could very well help in this instance. In a classroom setting the teacher could devise a lesson plan that could help by using the other senses of the children. It was said that multi-sensory teaching in the classroom could help improve a child’s learning disability. Perusing of the sense of touch could be helpful by asking the students to have a creative output of the letters or numbers. Creative in a sense that the teacher could make the letters or numbers be available for the sense of touch especially when it could help the children cling to have a tangible image of what they are reading (Bradford, 2000). Going back to the reading levels, a teacher then should be able to use appropriate reading materials that his/her students would need. As I have repeatedly said earlier, students’ reaction to a reading material may vary and their abilities may also vary. In this aspect, the teacher could be able to help the child’s development through the parents or the family. It was said that the family, especially the parents, have a great influence on the child. A home conducive for learning is the best recourse for this problem. Of course this may be a problem since not all households are the same for the children. It would then be the responsibility of the teacher to double her efforts in teaching the children. As was also suggested above, teachers should be flexible enough for the betterment of his/her teaching strategies. It would then be necessary that the teacher could be able to devise a concrete curriculum. This curriculum then could serve as a rough draft of what the teacher ought to achieve by the end of every semester. Naturally, these curriculums are usually rigid. Creating a flexible curriculum then could be the best recourse especially when taking into consideration what was said above. The importance of this alignment of curricular goals is that would generate a standard that the teacher ought to be teaching the child at the same time it could give him/her a better idea of what should be learned in the level of what he/she is teaching. The standard then could be checked through the standards of the school. Making the curriculum flexible then would mean that the standards are there but the activities that would be done would vary from time to time especially when other teachers have a tendency to just create a repetitive scene or method of what they were doing for the past years that they were teaching. Take for example, if a teacher is teaching the basics of math and number then arranging the lesson plan according to the standards set would help and then activities would become flexible according to the necessity that these activities would have for a certain aspect of the subject. Some students seldom aim in ‘getting by’ the subject without full understanding that upon reaching the secondary level of math, they have a hard time grasping the complexities that are presented to them. It is essential then that the teacher choose curriculums and activities fit for the goal of understanding math rather than just letting the students memorize the numbers. Leaving a certain shadow of the numbers in the back of a child’s mind would be helpful. In doing what was suggested as a solution for the learning disability, the teacher could then leave the impression of a memory that the child could easily access in his/her mind. Let’s say the number ‘5’, a string glued to the shape of a ‘5’ could help a child in remembering that a five usually feels like making an‘s’ but with a much rigid first curve above and a horizontal line for the top. The plans and how the teachers execute these plans would have to be taken into consideration. Becoming a teacher is no mean feat especially when you have the power to influence the students and it is up to the teacher therefore on how a student might perceive the educational perspective in life. References Bradford, J. (2000). Using Multisensory Teaching Method.Retrieved September 5, 2007, from http://www. dyslexia-parent. com/mag30. html Learning Disabilities. (2007). Retrieved August 21, 2007, from http://www. kidshealth. org/PageManager. jsp? dn=KidsHealthlic=1article_set=32422cat_id=20167 Siobhan Leahy, C. L. , Marnie Thompson, Dylan Wiliam. (2005). Classroom Assessment: Minute by Minute, Day by Day [Electronic Version]. Assessment to Promote Learning, 63, 19-24. Retrieved August 21, 2007 from http://www. ascd. org/portal/site/ascd/template. MAXIMIZE/menuitem. 459dee008f99653fb85516f762108a0c/? javax. portlet. tpst=d5b9c0fa1a493266805516f762108a0c_ws_MXjavax.portlet. Prp_d5b9c0fa1a493266805516f762108a0c_journaltypeheaderimage=%2FASCD%2Fimages%2Fmultifiles%2Fpublications%2Felmast. gifjavax. portlet. prp_d5b9c0fa1a493266805516f762108a0c_viewID=article_viewjavax. portlet. prp_d5b9c0fa1a493266805516f762108a0c_journalmoid=e9e66a50a9337010VgnVCM1000003d01a8c0RCRDjavax. portlet. Prp_d5b9c0fa1a493266805516f762108a0c_articlemoid=72276a50a9337010VgnVCM1000003d01a8c0RCRDjavax. portlet. prp_d5b9c0fa1a493266805516f762108a0c_journalTypePersonalization=ASCD_ELjavax. portlet. begCacheTok=tokenjavax. portlet. endCacheTok=token.

Falling into Insanity Essay -- Essays Papers

Falling into Insanity As readers of great novels, we are continuously examining and explaining the actions and thoughts of characters. Are we the only ones? Or do the characters actually analyze their own thoughts and actions as we do? In Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther, the protagonist, Werther, tells the story of his love for Lotte and the ensuing hardships through letters to his friend and confidante, Wilhelm. Through various situations and excerpts from his letters, we see Werther simply gliding through life, not pondering the motivations for his thoughts and actions, or even questioning his own state-of-mind; the effects of this lack of self-awareness negatively affect him and eventually lead him to commit suicide. Throughout the novel, Werther never ponders the thoughts and motivations that cause him to first fall madly in love with Lotte, then become obsessed, and finally to commit suicide because he cannot be with her. He never really asks himself why he allows himself to spend so much time with her, why all aspects of his previous life no longer interest him, or why he cannot even hold a job. Near the start of his love obsession with Lotte, he believes that he must â€Å"spend every hour of the day with her†¦in order to prove to her at every moment that he is wholly devoted to her† (Goethe, 14-15). He doesn’t pay any attention to the fact that she is already engaged to another man; Werther simply cannot fathom that he would not try to make her fall as deeply in love with him as he is with her. It’s almost as if he knows he is going overboard with his affections for her, but he doesn’t care. Werther believes his love for Lotte knows no limits, and he n ever even thinks about the social restrictions on woo... ...e suffering and eventual death. Throughout his short time with Lotte, Werther falls more and more deeply in love with her, and consequently, falls further into madness. He never analyzes his own motivations for continuing allowing his love for Lotte to grow and he never examines the extent that it has affected his sanity. Werther finally goes completely insane after Lotte tells him he no longer can see her as often. He commits suicide, the ultimate manic sacrifice, as he realizes he cannot have Lotte. As readers, we constantly analyze character’s acts. By not pondering the motivations for his thoughts and actions, or even questioning his own sanity, Werther is deeply affected by his love in a negative fashion, eventually ending in his own suicide. Works Cited Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. The Sorrows of Young Werther. New York City: Vintage Books, 1990.

Elements of Music Essay

Review Questions: 1. The basic elements of music are pitch, rhythm, dynamics, melody, and form. 2. Pitch is the frequency of a sound; it relates to the highness or lowness of a tone that we hear. 3. Syncopation involves placing emphasis on normally un-emphasized beats or using a rest on a normally emphasized beat. The types of music that uses syncopation are ska, reggae, rap, jazz, and some forms of metal. 4. The three examples in forms of music are concerto, sonata, and symphony. A concerto is a musical piece in which one solo instrument (such as a piano or violin) is accompanied by an orchestra. A sonata is a musical composition for a solo instrument (often piano or other keyboard instruments). A symphony is a musical piece that has been scored for a full orchestra; it is often an extended composition. 5. Form in music is the framework that a composer uses to create a piece of music. It is the combination of other musical instruments, such as pitch, tempo, and dynamics. Critical Thinking Questions 1. I definitely agree with this assessment because music speaks to different cultures around the world, defining the term ‘’universal’’. Even if two people speak two different languages, such as French or Japanese, they would still relate to their own way of music throughout their language in their types of background. 2. Musical notation is important because it determines how you learn the notes of the music and how the piece is played. The benefits of writing down notes to make a musical piece are creating the melody sharing the music with others by communicating them through the piece, and possibly make more pieces somewhat similar to that. 3. The ways we use music in our society are through listening on the radio in our cars, or on our mp3 players. We use it through TV commercials, movies, in stores as background music, videogames, and mostly on the internet. We can also make music ourselves based off of playing instruments, recordings in studios, and making beats with any object or instrument. This is also how I mostly use music in my life, particularly through being in choirs, singing, and getting inspiration to do so by listening to different types of music on my mp3 player. 4. The experience I felt which changed my mood about the specific music that played is when in 2005 I went to my first concert in California with my mother and my aunt to go see Madonna perform. As we sat in the front row, it began by a huge crystal ball coming down on the stage and while it split in two, Madonna appeared and singed with all the backup dancers surrounding her. It was a strange scenery for me on how she appeared on how she appeared and basing her theme off of glittery, shiny glamorous things throughout singing from her most notable songs. Though I was confused at first especially since I was young and never experienced that before, it made me feel excited and happy listening to the rhythm and the melody of the music, which was mainly fast tempo.

Plato’s and Cicero’s life and Political Ideas Essay

Between 429-347 BCE, were the period of Plato and his ocean of philosophical dispositions and carried the most deep-seated political, social and intellectual thoughts. His questions raised the consciousness of intellectuals, students and general people making them think every aspect of their life from new and fresh perspective. As said by Alfred North Whitehead, â€Å"All Western philosophy consists of footnotes to Plato. † (Garvey 7) Plato was a student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, and naturally in his works there is a reflection of Socrates thoughts and ideologies. But while remembering, Plato we should not forget Cicero, 106-43 B. C. who was himself part of many of the political developments of his time. He was not only a philosopher but also an orator, lawyer and politician. He laid more importance to politics over philosophy. His philosophical works came about only in the period when he was forced to refrain himself from politics. Though he was neither considered as exceptional thinker nor we can see any originality in his works yet his thoughts on various aspects of philosophy exerted tremendous influence on many thinkers after many years to come. His popularity rose in 19th century. There is no comparison between Plato and Cicero as they were both of different ages and had their own distinct attributes, yet if we give deep thoughts into their philosophical works what we get is what we call slight deviations in their thoughts on Politics. Plato was born in Athens during 428-7 B. C. E but there is no certainty about this date because according to Diogenes Laertius, Plato was born in the same year when Pericles died. He was also considered to be six years younger than Socrates was and his death came when he passed the youthful years of his life-at the age of 84. If according to Apollodorus’ version, the death date of Plato is correct then his birth date should lie between 430 or 431 but Diogenes put his birth in 429. Diogenes further said that if Plato was the twenty years old at the time of Socrates murder in 399 then his year of birth should be 427. These years between 429-347 B. C. E is considered to be very appropriate, whereas, Cicero was born on 3rd January 106 BC in Arpinum, as Arpino today. It is a hill town situated 100 kilometres towards south of Rome. This small Italian got Roman citizenhsip in 188 B.  C. and began to speak Latin rather than their language Volscian before they were enfranchised by Romans. The assimilation of nearby Italian communities into Rome laid Cicero’s future as a Roman statesman, orator and writer. Though he had a great mastery over Latin rhetoric and composition but Cicero would never from him heart considered himself as a â€Å"Roman† and he was aware of this fact through out his life. During this period of Roman history, it was considered as cultured to able to speak both the Greek and Latin languages. Like many of his contemporaries, Cicero also got education in Greek rhetoricians, and their most influential teachers of their time was also Greek. His knowledge of Greek language enabled him to translate many of its theological concepts into Latin brining maximum number of common people into the world of Greek philosophical thoughts. He was so inclined towards the study of Greek culture and language that he would be called by the other boys as â€Å"Little Greek boy†, yet it is his obsession with the Greek language that made him tied to the traditional Roman elite. The family of Cicero belonged to the local class of nobles known as domi nobles, but without any tie with the Roman senatorial class. Cicero was only connected to Gaius Marius, the most popular person born in Arpinium. In 80 B. C. , he led the most popular faction during civil war against optimates of Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Cicero’s father was a knight who would compensate his personal life by reading books. His mother was Helvia who was a very good housewife. (Clayton Online edition) Plato’s was also fortunate to be born in a noble family of Athens. He was the son of Aristone and his mother’s name was Perictone. He got his nickname from the wrestler’s broad shouldered physique. He was expected to follow the family’s tradition of politicians but when he witnessed that Athens entered into conflict with Sparta during Peloponnesian war, he aliented himself from politics and at the age of twenty, joined the School of Socrates. Socrates main ambition was to seek the truth and further explore on the issues like virtue and pity. He also critcised religious and political institutions but allegations began to be levid against him from all corners as he was charged for corrupting the mind of youths. Plato captured the nerves of the society at large and pened down his earnest views followed by Apology and Crito. When Socrates died, Plato opened his academy in a grove which was considered to be sacred to the demigod Academus, near Athens. The importance of Academy grew when Aristotle became its student. Astronomy, Mathematics, and Philosophy were the subjects taught in the Academy. Few years of his life, Plato spent in travelling gaining more knowledge in the other parts of Mediterranean whereas rest part of his life was spent in Athens until he died in 347 B. C.  Ralph Waldo Emerson, a great American essayist, philosopher, a poet and a leader of Transcendentalist movement of the nineteenth century evoked, â€Å"Plato is philosophy, and philosophy, Plato, at once the glory and the shame of mankind, since neither Saxon nor Roman have availed to add any idea to his categories. †Ã¢â‚¬â€(Emerson, Spiller, Ferguson Slater & Carr 23) Plato understood politics from the angle of justice and democracy. His aim was to give the rulers the main principle of what constituted real politics. For Plato, politics was an application of what metaphysics and ethics considered as true. His ideal world was something which was true, good and therefore virtuous. He gave to the world the best mouth piece of the study of human behavior and his relation with society. His â€Å"Republic† was his ideological stand point whereby he posed number of questions and pondered their answers in the light of various assumptions and dynamics of society. His main question comes from the light of what is good and bad in their world-Why should we be good and why in this cruel world, wicked are more happy and successful? To find out the answer to this question, Plato had to invite the whole community-the Polis. In other words , if you can find out the right direction to form polis which is healthy then the importance to individual happiness is ruled out. For Plato, justice is a base which could only be frutifully gained by bringing about balance in wisdom, courage and temperance. For Plato, even an ideal state can be self desructive. Plato posited the view that even ideal state where all have equal rights could also be destructive and it could be happen in turn by the very basic concept on which democracy stands. Though Republic, the Statesman, the Laws are three main political dialogues of Plato, and they developed their ideologies on the basis of what today is termed as conceptual analysis-in other words clarification of the basic principles on which politics stands and its importance. For Plato, this conceptual analysis was a preliminary stage for further critical evaluation of thought processes. According to Plato, making right decisions on the administration and making right choice between peace and war are the two most crucial initial steps of good politics. Such decisions could not be left into the hands of public only but by good orator. Cicero’s works included fifty speeches, around thousand letters to friends and associates, among them the several of his works included rhetorical theories and twelve out of them are on philosophical topics. These display great intellectual thoughts that deepen Cicero’s conviction that both the philosophy and rhetoric are independent to each other and are very important for human life and society. His works on philosophy stand witness to the rhetorical techniques and style of Roman oratory. The political philosophy of Plato was largely based on speculations about ideal state. Though he did conceptualize his points by imploring upon the city-states of Greece and events in current political scenario, yet his discussions evolved largely around what he and other intellectuals thought to be ideal states. The essence of his ideological state lied in the needs of the man on the individual level and on the whole and these needs of the man joined them together to work for the common goal. The members that make the society could be divided into different classes according to their particular work criteria. As according to Plato, in man, there are two different souls in the same way in the society also, there are three different classes: philosophers, warriors, and producers; one of which belongs to the rational souls and the rest two belong to the irrational souls and each class has its own particular role to fulfill. For e. g. philosophers run the state, warriors defend it and producers cultivate their skills to produce the materialistic goods needed by the state. On the other hand, much of the Cicero’s political thoughts followed Aristotle concept of ideal state. For Cicero, there were three main forms of government; monarchy, aristocracy, and the constitutional state, but he also believed that there is every scope of perversion in each form of government, which emerges from those who do not have regard for the public good. Not one form of government is perfectly good. Instead Cicero prescribed what is known as composite form of government with the principles of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy. This form of government today is known as Common Wealth form of Government and Cicero termed as the Res Publica, literally known as â€Å"The People’s thing. His composite republic is based on the monarchical principle, also known as consuls; the aristocratic is likened to the Senate of Rome, which performs both the legislative and executive functions. The democratic principles are tribunes referred to as committees (comitia) in ancient Rome. Rather than revolutionary or politically visionary, Cicero was being considered more as a â€Å"political conservative† who was eager to preserve the Roman Republic against the designs of Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony, and Octavian whose aim was to make Rome into their own personal empire. But Cicero did not succeed in preventing Roman Republic from collapse and was murdered by the followers of Mark Anthony. (Marcus Cicero, Section 12). Cicero’s law was based on these two: â€Å"That true law was reason, That good is always good, that bad is always bad and in traditional Roman values. † (Simmons Online) He criticized all other form of constitutions for breaching the rights and interests of people and conveyed that political system should provide legal rights to every one equally but give electoral, legislative and judicial rights in accordance to their merit and wealth. Cicero’s first book On the Orator laid importance of Oratory in the politics of Rome. Oratory had been part of the Roman politics, and Cicero mainly superimposed its value. His discussions merely revolved around education basically history and poetry with composition of logic, philosophical theory and rhetorical techniques. As said by Stephen Whites’s, â€Å"Orator, clearly reflects Cicero’s own proficiencies, unites thorough knowledge of history and law with complete command of in a Romanized version of Plato’s philosopher-rulers†. (White online edition). Both Plato and Cicero wanted education to be based on philosophy to produce best statesman. While Plato’s more emphasis was on training on mathematical ground and transcendental metaphysics, Cicero wanted many practical programs of instructions designed to cultivate articulacy and civic debate. (White Online edition). His On the Republic is his much thought provoking dialects on leadership and politics. It was almost lost but its first third was recovered in 1820. On the Republic is a challenge of Plato’s Greek political theory based on utopian thoughts. He defined republic as â€Å"a peopl’e affair, â€Å"(res populi) and people as a community who have joined in to one consensus on their mutual interest. His other part constitutes his explanation on types of constitutions in classical Greek style and developed the data on the development of Roman institutions; whereas some of the sections which are either lost or preserved in very poor state have in short explanation of Hellenistic debates on the nature and rewards of justice and the discussions on education system of Rome. Yet another of his book On Laws is a sequel to a legal system. Contradicting Plato’s laws, he contended that Rome already had embodied itself much the ideals of law. On Laws truly appeared to be very important in the sense that it contains full account of natural law. Based entirely on Stoic ideas, Cicero contended that the whole concept of law is already a part of nature with an appropriate order, which could be codified in legislation for final tribunal in a court of law. After these writings, civil war erupted and he did not go further into this, but last of his books summed up his thinking on political grounds by bringing out the importance of morality in public life. In his On Duties which was his epistle to his son, he gave the routes to bestow on the proper code of conduct for Roman nobility emphasizing justice, benefaction and public service. His entire focus was on the men of high status and their way of dealing with the problems relating to personal ambitions and social obligations. Cicero too always stood on his profound trust on the noblest trait of human beings, which is their humanity and inculcate reasoning power to improve the lives of human beings. His thoughts on humanism are best skewed in his â€Å"On the Ends of Good and Evil†. The dialogue herein reflects on the question of what and where is the end of all human actions and the way you attain the happiness. Cicero agreed with Aristotle and saw that human beings are political or social animals. â€Å"But nature has given to mankind †¦ a compulsion to do good, and †¦ a desire to defend the well being of the community †¦. (Cicero & Rudd R I. 1). † But the most influential model book was The Republic by Plato. Cicero’s homage to the Republic was found in its expression in the section which was lost but also found its place in his concluding marks of the cosmos and the afterlife (The Dream of Scipio), which reflects the myth of err by the end of the Plato’s end book. Plato has been directly quoted and or reflected several times. Cicero’s Scipio states that, â€Å"Rather than invent a city for themselves as Plato did, he prefers to examine a real historical stance (The Roman Constitution) which comes closet to the ideal†. (Cicero, Rudd, & Powell xvi) But it was also mistake to espouse that, because Cicero had departed from Plato in certain way, his Republic is in very deep sense anti-platonic. It is further said that â€Å"Cicerio’s Scipio was enough of a Platonist to regard philosophy and astronomy as wise man’s true occupation, and to declare that one should take political offices only our of sense of duty or necessity, as Plato’s Guardian do. (I-26-29)( Cicero, Rudd, & Powell 17) There are many similarities between the Plato’s Republic and Cicero, de ra republic. Each formulated on the account of relationship between citizen and state. Both of them discussed on justice, both of them bestowed theory of constitution. Both of them also had mentioned discussion on education and a vision of an after life. Sharpely too suggested that â€Å"Cicero Republic in the sense, Plato’s turned inside out. † (Cicero& Zetzel 14) In the Republic by Plato, Socrates and his friends are trying to implore and analyze on what should be an ideal city but do not want to analyze the state in which he was living. Plato and Cicero were only mouthpieces in an arena of political thoughts in their respective periods whereas in Cicero’s De re publica, all the comments whether directly or indirectly emphasized on the organization of the state they ought to be living, which was Roman Republic in the final stages.